Electromagnetic force

 





Electromagnetic forces occur when an electromagnetic field interacts with electrically charged particles, such as those that make up a plasma (ie. electrons, protons and other ions). It include the electric force, which produces electric fields between charged forces, and the magnetic force, which manifests itself as magnetic fields wherever there are moving charges.

Plasmas interact strongly with electromagnetic forces, resulting in complexity in structure and motion that far exceeds that found in gases, liquids, and solids. This is exemplified by solar flares and the solar wind, which overcome the Sun’s magnetic field, accelerates away, and out into interplanetary space.



The formula that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields, and their interactions with matter, were derived by Oliver Heaviside (1831-1925), but are now called Maxwell’s equations after James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879).






  1. #ElectromagneticForce#EMForce#Electromagnetism#EMFields
  2. #MaxwellsEquations#MagneticField#ElectricField#LorentzForce
  3. #FaradaysLaw#AmpèresLaw#ElectromagneticInteractions#EMRadiation
  4. #ElectromagneticSpectrum

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

From black holes to sands: Application of holographic duality to granular matter

Image
  International Conference on Condensed Matter Physics  Researchers from the Institute of Theoretical Physics (ITP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CA S) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) have found that granular matter (such as sand) and some black hole models display similar nonlinear effects. The bridge between the two is the holographic duality. Holographic duality allows one to map unsolved physical problems to tractable higher-dimensional gravitational counterparts and vice versa. The mapping between different dimensions resembles the optical holographic projection technique, hence the name. Although the holographic duality originated from string theory and was part of the quest for a consistent theory of quantum gravity, it has also been widely applied to quantum chromodynamics, condensed matter physics, and quantum information. In this work, the idea of holographic duality is extended to a concrete type of athermal, disordered solids—granular materials. Sinc...
Read more

Physicists Create a Bizarre ‘Wigner Crystal’ Made Purely of Electrons

Image
  International Conference on Condensed Matter Physics In 1934, Eugene Wigner, a pioneer of quantum mechanics, theorized a strange kind of matter — a crystal made from electrons. The idea was simple; proving it wasn’t. Physicists tried many tricks over eight decades to nudge electrons into forming these so-called Wigner crystals, with limited success. In June, however, two independent groups of physicists reported in Nature the most direct experimental observations of Wigner crystals yet. “Wigner crystallization is such an old idea,” said Brian Skinner, a physicist at Ohio State University who was not involved with the work. “To see it so cleanly was really nice.” To make electrons form a Wigner crystal, it might seem that a physicist would simply have to cool them down. Electrons repel one another, and so cooling would decrease their energy and freeze them into a lattice just as water turns to ice. Yet cold electrons obey the odd laws of quantum mechanics — they behave like waves....
Read more

Breaking symmetry to excite polaritons

Image
Exploiting ultra-confined and highly directional polaritons at the nanoscale is essential for developing integrated nanophotonic devices, circuits and chips. High-symmetry crystals have been extensively studied, with a particular focus on hyperbolic polaritons (HPs). However, the in-plane HP propagation in high-symmetry optical crystals usually exhibits four mirror-symmetric beams, which reduces the directionality and energy-transporting efficiency. In a new paper published in eLight, a team of scientists led by Professor Xinliang Zhang and Peining Li from Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Professor Zhigao Dai from China University of Geosciences have developed a new technique for in-plane anisotropic excitation and propagation of HPs by controlling the near-field excitation source. Their research could expand the possibilities for manipulating asymmetric polaritons, where it could be applied to reconfigurable polaritonic devices. Recently, hyperbolic shear polaritons,...
Read more